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Builders & open source

Saro Passaro

Co-founder, Boltz

Saro Passaro is the first author of "Boltz-2: Towards Accurate and Efficient Binding Affinity Prediction" (2025), which presents Boltz-2, a structural biology foundation model that predicts both biomolecular structures and binding affinity; the preprint lists Passaro with MIT CSAIL. Passaro is also a co-author of Boltz-1 (2024), the open model for biomolecular interaction modeling that preceded it, and co-founded Boltz, the public benefit corporation built on these open models, with Gabriele Corso and Jeremy Wohlwend.1234

At a glance

Current role
Co-founder
Company
Boltz
Sector
Company
Education
MIT
Work listed
2
Sources cited
5
Profile reviewed

Research

Passaro co-authored Boltz-1 (2024), an open model for biomolecular interaction modeling, with Jeremy Wohlwend, Gabriele Corso and co-authors including Tommi Jaakkola and Regina Barzilay. Passaro is first author of the Boltz-2 paper (2025), which describes a model that extends structure prediction to binding affinity, a property its abstract describes as critical to molecular function and therapeutic efficacy.21

The Boltz-2 preprint lists authors from MIT CSAIL, the MIT Jameel Clinic, Recursion and Valence Labs, and the Boltz repository publishes the code with citations for both Boltz-1 and Boltz-2.12

Boltz

When Boltz-1 was presented at MIT in December 2024, MIT described Passaro as an MIT Jameel Clinic research affiliate who developed the model with lead developers Jeremy Wohlwend and Gabriele Corso. Passaro, Corso and Wohlwend later co-founded Boltz to apply the open models to therapeutic design, and the three co-signed the January 2026 manifesto announcing Boltz as a public benefit corporation.534

Work and contributions

  • Boltz-2 Open weights

    First author of the Boltz-2 preprint, which the Boltz repository asks users to cite for the Boltz-2 model.12

  • Boltz-1 Open weights

    Third author, after Jeremy Wohlwend and Gabriele Corso, of "Boltz-1: Democratizing Biomolecular Interaction Modeling" (2024).2

Timeline

  1. Co-authored the Boltz-1 preprint on biomolecular interaction modeling.2
  2. Boltz-1, co-developed by Passaro as an MIT Jameel Clinic research affiliate, was presented at MIT.5
  3. Posted the Boltz-2 preprint on structure and binding affinity prediction as first author.12
  4. Co-signed, with Gabriele Corso and Jeremy Wohlwend, the manifesto announcing Boltz.4

Other documented roles

Roles the sources document that are not confirmed as current.

Where they work

  • Boltz 3 people in the wiki

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References

5 sources · profile reviewed Oct 22, 2026 · data updated Oct 22, 2026

  1. Boltz-2: Towards Accurate and Efficient Binding Affinity Prediction (bioRxiv 2025.06.14.659707)bioRxiv · Paper · published Jun 2025 · accessed Oct 22, 2026
  2. jwohlwend/boltz README (citations)jwohlwend/boltz (GitHub repository) · Repository · accessed Oct 22, 2026
  3. Meet the newest Forbes 30 Under 30 (MIT Jameel Clinic)MIT Jameel Clinic · Official page · accessed Oct 22, 2026
  4. Boltz manifestoBoltz · Announcement · published Jan 8, 2026 · accessed Oct 22, 2026
  5. MIT researchers introduce Boltz-1, a fully open-source model for predicting biomolecular structuresMIT Schwarzman College of Computing · Announcement · published Dec 2024 · accessed Oct 22, 2026